NEW YORK (AP) 鈥� Businesses big and small have started receiving tariff refunds after the that President Donald Trump lacked the constitutional authority to impose higher import taxes on goods from nearly every other country.
The process could grind to a halt, however, after the Trump administration said Friday that it intended to appeal to allow all companies that paid the invalidated duties to seek refunds, not just the ones that filed lawsuits.
Until the Department of Justice informed the judge of its planned appeal, the refund system overseen by U.S. Customs and Border Protection had been working fairly smoothly. Refunds reached the bank accounts of the first successful applicants on May 12, about three weeks after importers and their customs brokers could start through an online system, according to CBP.
Applications for refunds totaling $85 billion 鈥� more than half of the $166 billion the agency estimated to companies that paid the tariffs on imported goods 鈥� were accepted for processing as of May 22, CBP reported in a legal filing earlier in the week. It said it had so far directed the Treasury Department to issue $20.6 billion in refunds.
The administration revealed its appeal preparations while objecting to a demand by Judge Richard K. Eaton for CBP Commissioner Rodney Scott to appear in the to answer questions about how long it would take to repay all 330,000 importers that might be eligible for refunds. The judge has scheduled a June 9 hearing on why he shouldn’t require the government do whatever it takes the process.
Justice Department lawyers asked Eaton to allow one or two of Scott’s deputies to appear in his place, arguing that as a high-ranking presidential appointee, the CBP chief could not be compelled to testify in court. They also argued that Eaton exceeded his own authority when he determined in March that the Supreme Court’s ruling entitled 鈥渁ll importers of record鈥欌�� to refunds.
鈥淔or that reason, defendants intend to appeal the court鈥檚 universal injunction,” the lawyers wrote, adding that CBP would continue to move 鈥渁s quicky as it can to process refunds in a phased approach鈥� for some 485 pending trade court complaints to assert their rights to refunds.
In a terse reply Friday, Eaton said he needed to hear directly from Scott whether the government would return all of the money it collected between when Trump put what he on most countries in April 2025 and when the Supreme Court struck them down in late February.
鈥淭his case involves $166 billion,鈥� the judge wrote. 鈥淚t is undisputed that the remedy for this unlawful collection is for the United States government to refund the unlawfully collected duties.”
Some national retail chains said they planned to use their refunds to lower customer prices on some items. Walmart Chief Financial Officer John David Rainey last week that the company would implement price cuts even though the maximum refund it might be eligible for represented less than half of 1% of Walmart鈥檚 $483 billion in annual U.S. sales.
Some smaller companies told The Associated Press that the partial refunds they鈥檝e received so far would go toward paying , reducing debt or just keeping the lights on after more than a year of uncertainty and additional import costs.
Jay Foreman, CEO of toy company Basic Fun, said he received about $450,000, or 7% of his total claim, over two consecutive days this month. He took the initial repayment as a positive sign but said that after having less than $10,000 refunded since then, the process seemed like a 鈥渢otal slow roll.鈥�
鈥淚t鈥檚 time to release the funds back into the economy, especially given how much we and others need these funds to support our businesses and fund our operations,鈥� Foreman said.
Copyright © 2026 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, written or redistributed.
