TOKYO (AP) 鈥� A law set to pass Friday by Japan’s parliament could doom its 1,500-year-old hereditary institution by insisting that only men can be emperor, sparking worry about the shrinking, fast-aging imperial family.
鈥檚 24-year-old daughter is hugely popular, and many Japanese want her to be his successor, but is ineligible because she is a woman. Japan鈥檚 male-only succession rule means the line must move to the emperor’s younger brother, then to his . Next in line after him is the emperor’s 90-year-old uncle.
In an imperial family that places a premium on male royal babies, Hisahito is the first such boy to be born in four decades. Only five of the 16 adults in the imperial family 鈥� there are no children 鈥� are men.
This matters, as Prime Minister and other conservatives insist the male bloodline is 鈥渢he only source of the emperor鈥檚 authority and legitimacy,鈥� which will be the basis for the upcoming measures.
While an emperor’s mother can be a commoner, as is the case with the current one, only boys born to men with royal blood can be heirs to the throne, according to the Imperial House Law.
On Friday, the parliament was to pass a revision to the antiquated law meant to solidify the principle of that crucial bloodline by allowing the adoption of distant royal male relatives to father future heirs.
The new measures would also allow princesses to keep their royal status if they marry a commoner.
鈥淚t鈥檚 a declaration to prevent female monarchs … and to defend the male-lineage at all costs,鈥� said Hideya Kawanishi, a Nagoya University expert on monarchy. 鈥淭hey cannot say it鈥檚 male chauvinism, so they call it tradition.鈥�
Takaichi supports male-only succession
There have been eight female monarchs. The last was Empress Gosakuramachi, who ruled from 1762 to 1770.
The paternal-line male succession was stipulated for the first time in the 1890 Imperial House Law, when Japan promoted patriarchal systems. That law was largely carried over to the current 1947 version.
Friday鈥檚 proposal has led to protests from Japanese who see the government efforts as meant to eliminate Aiko from ruling and to justify discrimination against women and a patriarchal system.
鈥淚t鈥檚 very ironic that the first female prime minister herself is the leading proponent of the obsession with male-succession,鈥� Chizuko Ueno, a prominent feminist scholar, wrote recently referring to Takaichi.
Ueno said the new measures 鈥渢reat male royals as stallions and put female royals under pressure as 鈥榗hildbearing machines鈥� to produce male offspring.鈥�
After Aiko鈥檚 birth, her mother , a Harvard-educated former diplomat and a commoner, developed a stress-induced mental condition, apparently over criticism for not producing a male heir.
Imperial family is shrinking
Because of the male-only succession rules and the dismissal of princesses who marry commoners, the monarchy after Hisahito is 鈥渆xtremely unstable,鈥� former Imperial Household Agency chief Shingo Haketa told Kyodo 91欧美激情 recently.
Historians say the male-only system is unworkable today, as Japan more broadly faces a fast-aging, dwindling population.
It only worked in the past because concubines produced half the emperors until about 100 years ago, when the practice ended under Naruhito鈥檚 great-grandfather, Emperor Taisho.
There was a government proposal in 2005 to allow female monarchs, but it was scrapped following Hisahito鈥檚 birth.
Naruhito’s two male heirs are his 60-year-old brother, Crown , who is only six years younger than the emperor and has reportedly said he would be too old to serve, and Hisahito, Akishino鈥檚 19-year-old son. Third in line is Naruhito’s uncle, Prince Hitachi, who is 90.
The law is meant to bring in distant relatives
The more controversial of the two measures allows unmarried male descendants, aged 15 or older, of distant imperial relatives 鈥� but only of paternal lineage 鈥� to be adopted into the royal family.
Fifty-one members from 11 branch families renounced their royal status in 1947, mainly to ease the postwar financial burden on the monarchy, Imperial Household Agency official Yoshimi Ogata told a recent parliamentary session.
These people are at least 36 generations removed from Naruhito because they split from a common male-line ancestor 600 years ago, Ogata said.
There is criticism of what some see as the government’s extraordinary efforts to make sure that male royals are producing male emperors.
鈥淲ho wants the son of an adoptee who nobody knows to be emperor instead of Aiko?鈥� asked Yoshinori Kobayashi, a cartoonist campaigning for Aiko鈥檚 succession.
It may also be unrealistic to ask former royals to reenter a very strict family known as 鈥渁n enclave without human rights.鈥� Royals cannot choose their jobs or homes, and must follow other serious constraints.
鈥淚 wonder if anyone would raise a hand,鈥� 81-year-old Asahiro Kuni, whose family renounced its royal status when he was 3, told TBS television. 鈥淚 imagine many people, by age 15, have some idea about their future. It鈥檚 cruel to tell them … to change the course of their life.鈥�
Kuni, who worked as an engineer at a major Japanese company, said he would tell his family to decline if asked by the palace. 鈥淵ou are asked to sacrifice your life for the happiness of the people. I can鈥檛 tell my family to choose such a difficult life.鈥�
He also expressed support for female monarchs in interviews with other Japanese media.
Princesses who marry commoners can keep royal status
Aiko, known for her engaging smile, enthusiasm and witty conversation, is a public favorite.
Five single princesses, including Aiko and her popular cousin Kako, 31, may be affected by the other main revision to the Imperial House Law, which would allow them to keep their royal status and continue serving official duties if they marry commoners, although their spouse and children wouldn’t be accepted as royals.
Aiko鈥檚 elder cousin Mako and moved to New York after marrying her college boyfriend, . The move was largely seen as her attempt to flee from the restrained imperial life.
Ueno calls the system inhumane and urges the princesses to follow Mako’s example and leave when they can.
Hisahito, possible adoptees and their future wives will face enormous pressure to produce male offspring, Kawanishi said.
Many Japanese still want Aiko to be emperor
鈥淭he emperor is a symbolic figure, and I don鈥檛 see why women cannot serve in the role,鈥� said 78-year-old Junichiro Tsujimaru, a sushi chain founder.
Yoshio Iwase, also 78, says Aiko, as the daughter of the emperor, is the legitimate successor. 鈥淚 think it鈥檚 fine because there used to be female emperors in the past.鈥�
There is worry that the government’s push will upset , which included making amends for the victims of World War II, fought in his father鈥檚 name.
Akihito, who abdicated in 2019, also tried to bring what was seen as an aloof monarchy closer to the people, an example followed by his son, Naruhito, and his family.
Akihito reportedly supports Aiko’s succession. He avoided directly answering a question about the 2005 government proposal but said female royals served a major role in the monarchy and that its role was to work for the happiness of the people 鈥� a remark interpreted as his support for female monarchs.
Naruhito also said in June that he hoped discussions about the measures would reach a conclusion that 鈥渨ill gain understanding of the people,鈥� a comment palace watchers said was his nuanced displeasure.
Copyright © 2026 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, written or redistributed.
